Carnelian Journal of
LAW & POLITICS
Vol. V No. I
I. Assessing the Legal Framework and Stakeholder Perception of E-Voting in Nigeria
Promise Aaron, Miller Nzewenta, Ifiok-Abasi Uwemedimo Nwoko
II. Cost Insurance and Freight Under Commercial Sea Carriage
Olutola Oyewole Aina PhD
III. Developing a Legal Framework for the Integration of Solar and Wind Energy as a Source of Power in Nigeria
Olutola Oyewole Aina PhD
Assessing the Legal Framework and Stakeholder Perception of E-Voting in Nigeria
Promise Aaron, Miller Nzewenta, Ifiok-Abasi Uwemedimo Nwoko
Abstract
This study critically assesses the legal framework and stakeholder perceptions regarding the implementation of electronic voting (e-voting) in Nigeria, focusing on its potential to address electoral challenges. The primary objective is to evaluate the current laws governing the electoral process and gauge stakeholder readiness for e-voting. The methodology involves a survey distributed to key stakeholders, including members of the Nigerian Bar Association, political leaders, and electoral officials, to gather insights on their views and concerns. The findings reveal widespread voter apathy, with 57.3% of respondents not participating in the last election, primarily due to dissatisfaction with the electoral process and distrust in the existing legal framework. Although there is general optimism about the potential of e-voting to enhance transparency and efficiency, significant concerns remain regarding security, accessibility, and the adequacy of current laws to support such a transition. Notably, 68.3% of respondents are highly concerned about the possibility of electronic voting systems being manipulated or hacked. The study recommends strengthening legal and regulatory frameworks, enhancing public education on e-voting, and addressing infrastructure and security issues to ensure that e-voting can be successfully implemented. The findings underscore the need for comprehensive reforms and robust stakeholder engagement to build trust in Nigeria's electoral system and facilitate the adoption of e-voting.
Keywords:
Cost Insurance and Freight Under Commercial Sea Carriage
Olutola Oyewole Aina PhD
Abstract
The usage of Terms of trade has received wide recognition in most nations of the world.
Shorthand references often represent these Terms of trade. They form the basis of
responsibilities and expected rights of parties under a contract of sale from Ex-works to the
point of Delivery. The International Chamber of Commerce has standardized a large number
of these shorthand references and they are commonly referred to as “International Commercial
Terms” (INCOTERMS) which serve as alternatives to common national definitions in the
International Sphere. Worthy of note among the INCOTERMS is the Cost, Insurance, and
Freight (CIF) Term. This work seeks to examine how risk passes and the bearer of the risk of
loss during the carriage of goods by sea under a CIF contract. Furthermore, this work will
examine how far the legal rules as to the seller’s duties in respect of the contract of carriage
and contract of marine insurance and the documents related to them protect the buyer in
respect of the risk and the buyer's rights of rejection in a CIF contract. This work will assist
in facilitating an informed understanding of CIF contracts as it applies to basic
Responsibilities and expected rights of parties under a CIF contract of sale.
Keywords: Cost, Insurance, Freight Contract, Goods
Developing a Legal Framework for the Integration of Solar and Wind Energy as a Source of Power in Nigeria
Olutola Oyewole Aina PhD
Abstract
The article adopted a doctrinal method and comparative legal research. Comparative research was done on the laws of Kenya and the United Kingdom to examine the level of wind and solar energy integration in those countries including the legal structures supporting them. The diffusion of innovation theory and the choice awareness theory guided this study. The choice awareness theory was employed to consider the extant laws of other jurisdictions to propose innovative laws that will promote radical wind and solar energy technologies for wind and solar energy integration in Nigeria. Findings in this article revealed that insufficient and incoherent laws, policies, and lack of grid capacity for wind and solar energy integration greatly impaired their development in Nigeria. The current legal structure on electricity cannot sustain the integration of wind and solar energy and it has proven unreliable over the years. This is more evident in the incessant and frequent collapse of the national grid in Nigeria. An integration of wind and solar energy through a viable legal structure will boost the generation, transmission, and distribution of renewable electricity from wind and solar energy sources. The article demonstrated that wind and solar energy sources have been regulated in other jurisdictions and can also be regulated in Nigeria. It was recommended that in the immediate plan, the Electricity Act 2023 should be improved upon to provide further regulation for the integration of wind and solar energy sources into the energy mix in Nigeria. It was also recommended in the study that the proposed act for the integration of wind and solar energy into the energy mix in Nigeria should be passed into law.
Keywords: Wind and Solar Energy, Integration, Renewable Electricity, Jurisdiction, Coherent Legal Structure.