Carnelian Journal of
LAW & POLITICS
Vol. III No. I

I. Towards a Universal Declaration on Animal Protection

Bankole Sodipo PhD, Esan Motunrayo

II. Gender Equality and Climate Change: The International Maritime Organization's

 Impact on Mauritius Climate Justice

Temitope Omotola Odunsanya PhD

III. Identity Theft and Impersonation under Section 22 of the Nigerian

Cybercrime (Prevention, Protection, etc) Act 2015

Mu'azu Abdullahi Saulawa PhD

IV. Uncovering the challenges of Anti-corruption Laws and the Position of public servant in Nigeria:

A Panoramic Review of the Legal Regime

Nnawulezi Uche PhD

Towards a Universal Declaration on Animal Protection

Bankole Sodipo PhD, Esan Motunrayo

Abstract

The developments of the past three decades indicate distinct efforts at enjoining the international community to come to an agreement on a singular legal document that protects animals. Unfortunately, all efforts have remained on paper and have not acquired a normative force despite the increasingchallenges that arise as a result of the absence of a uniform standard. The relationship between humans and animals has become increasingly complex and internationalized, the volume of trade in animals and animal products has skyrocketed, foreign direct investments have facilitated the activities of multinational institutions across the globe, and animal production chains are now extending further and further beyond the territories of many states. It becomes important to examine the various attempts at regulating all of these activities in one document. This paper is based on the following arguments. First, the prevalence of piecemeal treaties existing have failed to further animal protection in a truly serious way. Secondly, at the domestic level, there exists a disparity in the different laws on animal protection that frustrate impact. Third, animal protection is a global issue that requires international regulation and attention. This paper builds upon the conception that animals are in fact, already holders of legal rights in themselves despite the strong objections of the ideal and frequent violations thereof. What is important to consider is that the law, being alive, is stretching its tentacles to regulate newer levels of human activity in diverse ways

Keywords: Animal rights, Welfare, Protection, Liberties

Gender Equality and Climate Change: The International Maritime Organization's Impact on Mauritius Climate Justice

Temitope Omotola Odunsanya PhD

Abstract

This study examined gender equality and the International Maritime Organization (IMO’s) impact in consideration to realizing Mauritius climate justice. Women are directly, severely, and inversely affected by climate change yet they are typically overlooked, sidelined, and neglected. The study was anchored on ecofeminism and human rights theoretical frameworks which were considered significant and apposite. This research adopted the qualitative, descriptive research design as the most appropriate to effectively carry out this study. Thus, since it was explorative and majorly qualitative, data were obtained from secondary sources, predominantly, from relevant journal articles and e-resources from the internet. Data were content analyzed. This paper,therefore concluded that gender inequality is apparent and atthecurrentrate,women would have to wait even longer than hundred years in the sphere of marine science, to have equal access and proper representation. This means that there is the need to do a lot in Mauritius's legal and social framework to effect a positive and unchallengeable climate justice that also promotes equal participation. Finally, the study recommended that there should be enhanced cooperation inclusive of both men and women. In addition, human rights principles of equity and fairness must be adhered to, to ensure adequate climate justice funding and research into adaptation measures to help the poorest countries and those persons, groups, and peoples most at risk especially the less privileged. Imperatively, IMO representatives and regulators must wake up and do right by the people of Mauritius.

Keywords: Climate Justice, Gender Equality, Human Rights, IMO, Mauritius and Oil Spill

Identity Theft and Impersonation under Section 22 of the Nigerian Cybercrime (Prevention, Protection, etc) Act 2015

Mu'azu Abdullahi Saulawa PhD

Abstract

The growth of cybercrime in Nigeria is at a multifaceted point. As identity theft and impersonation offences are rampant in Nigeria and has become a daily activity. The fact that the Federal government officials are prosecuting the cases, it still continues. The growing phenomenon of identity theft and impersonation is endemic to the Nigerian society. The operation of the crimes 8committed on the internet defines the coordinated organized networks of criminals in the society whose focus is economic gain. The aim of the paper is to examine the offences of identity theft and impersonation under section 22 of the Nigerian Cybercrime Act 2015 and the prosecution of cases under the particular section. The purpose of the analysis of the section of the Act is to assess the increase of the crimes committed under the section or otherwise. The methodology adopted by the paper is a doctrinal approach method wherein both primary and secondary sources of data are analyzed. The findings of the paper reveal that the offences of identity theft and impersonation in the Cybercrime (Prevention, Protection, etc) Act 2015 are prosecuted every second by the authority yet the cases of such offence keep proliferating as if prosecutions are not taking place. The paper recommends that approaches into cybercrimes related to identity theft and impersonation has to be redefined and strategized.. The financial institutions must be capable of blocking such acts by regularly updating the system as well as the client’s data. The user’s data must be uniform and centralized across the respective institutions for the purpose of monitoring. The regulation also has to be reviewed considering the scope of identity theft and impersonation

Keywords: Cybercrime, identity theft and impersonation, Section 22 of the Nigeria Cybercrime (Prevention, Protection, etc.) Act 2015, Nigeria 2015

Uncovering the challenges of Anti-corruption Laws and the Position of public servant in Nigeria:A Panoramic Review of the Legal Regime

Nnawulezi Uche PhD. Onyegbule Kelechi, LL.M, BL.  Ukanwa Charis Godson, LLM, BL

Abstract

Remarkably, corruption is increasingly gaining traction especially in developing countries of the world including Nigeria. Driven primarily by efforts to combat corruption which constitutes threat to national security, good governance and human rights abuses, there is now a compelling need to re-examine the legal and regulatory frameworks in existence. The objective of this paper is clearly to identify the major challenges of anti-corruption laws in Nigeria, and as well make recommendations on how it could be addressed. Contextually, there are a number of anti-corruption laws in Nigeria, such as the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission, Independent corrupt practice commission and other anti-corruption agencies addressing these intractable problems, yet corruption continue to characterize most states in Nigeria. The Paper revealed that this problematic scenario is relatively attributed to greed on the part of public office holders and or weak regulatory constraint, impeding significant implementation of the existing laws and policies. However, despite these developments, this paper seeks to address some of the questions that arise when uncovering the challenges of anti-corruption laws in Nigeria. The first question is: Are these laws adequate to address the challenges? Second, the permissible circumstances in which public servants may resort to looting of public treasury instead of being patriotic. With respect to the above, and in considering appropriate measures for dealing with corruption and overcoming such challenges, this paper suggests a re-examination of the existing legal and regulatory frameworks. The paper adopts a diagnostic approach based on a review of literature and evidence-based analysis of corrupt practices and anti-corruption laws in Nigeria. The paper concludes that the essence of re-examining the anti-corruption laws in Nigeria is to ascertain the level of transparency of the anti-graft laws applicable to the act in question and its adequacy in curbing corruption in public service in Nigeria.

Keywords: Anti-corruption, Uncovering, Public Servant, Legal, Regulatory, Nigeria